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Body & Development: 238 3D models

Human body, embryo stages, cell division (real sizes whole organism). Each one is a ready-made 3D model you can turn, recolour and place in a figure — open BioDioRama and type its name in the Library search.

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Human 1

Human body — The real adult human body from the BodyParts3D atlas (Visible Human data) — face, hands and feet in full detail — in the anatomical position or other poses, with skin tone, build, a reshaped female body, and any body system (skeleton, organs, muscles, vessels, nerves) seen through translucent skin. Anatomy figures are shown as in an atlas (no cloth); the patient figures with disease findings wear a modesty cloth. (≈ 1.73 m (adult))

Development 6

Early embryo — The first days of development inside the zona pellucida: zygote, 2-, 4- and 8-cell stages, morula and the hollow blastocyst with its inner cell mass. (≈ 0.1–0.2 mm)
Implantation & bilaminar disc (week 2) — A day-12 embryo embedded in the endometrium: syncytiotrophoblast with lacunae of maternal blood, cytotrophoblast, the two-layered disc (epiblast and hypoblast), amniotic cavity and yolk sac. (≈ 0.2–0.5 mm)
Gastrulation — trilaminar disc (week 3) — The embryonic disc from above with the primitive streak, node and notochordal process; the caudal half is sectioned to show cells ingressing to form mesoderm and endoderm between the ectoderm and endoderm. (≈ 1–1.5 mm)
Neurulation — A block through the embryo as the neural plate folds into the neural tube: surface ectoderm, neural crest, notochord, somites, intermediate and lateral-plate mesoderm, dorsal aortae and endoderm. (≈ 0.5 mm)
Embryo at 4–5 weeks — The C-shaped embryo: pharyngeal arches, heart bulge, upper and lower limb buds, a row of somites, optic and otic vesicles and the yolk sac. (≈ 4–6 mm)
Fetus — A fetus curled in the amniotic sac with umbilical cord and placenta, from the end of the embryonic period (8 weeks) to the third trimester. (≈ 3–40 cm)

Cell cycle 1

Cell division (mitosis) — One cell becoming two: chromosomes condense, line up on the spindle, are pulled apart and two new nuclei form as the cell pinches in two. (cell ≈ 10–20 µm)

Clinical figures 1

Clinical human figure — The real human body (BodyParts3D atlas) in the anatomical position for clinical illustrations. Choose sex, age, build and skin tone, and one of ~40 conditions with their visible signs. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Colour changes 3

Jaundice (clinical figure) — Yellow skin and sclera from raised bilirubin — liver disease, haemolysis or biliary obstruction. (≈ 1.7 m)
Cyanosis (clinical figure) — Blue lips and fingertips from deoxygenated blood — central (lungs, heart) or peripheral. (≈ 1.7 m)
Pallor (anaemia) (clinical figure) — Pale skin, lips and conjunctiva from low haemoglobin. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Infections & rashes 7

Measles (clinical figure) — A blotchy maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads downward (rubeola virus). (≈ 1.7 m)
Chickenpox (clinical figure) — Itchy crops of vesicles on red bases, concentrated on the trunk and face (varicella-zoster virus). (≈ 1.7 m)
Shingles (herpes zoster) (clinical figure) — A painful band of grouped vesicles along one dermatome on one side — reactivated varicella-zoster. (≈ 1.7 m)
Mpox (clinical figure) — Firm, umbilicated pustules on the face, hands and feet (monkeypox virus). (≈ 1.7 m)
Ringworm (tinea corporis) (clinical figure) — Ring-shaped scaly patches with clearer centres — a dermatophyte fungal infection. (≈ 1.7 m)
Lyme disease (erythema migrans) (clinical figure) — An expanding bull's-eye rash at a tick bite — Borrelia burgdorferi. (≈ 1.7 m)
Cellulitis (clinical figure) — Spreading redness, heat and swelling of the lower leg — a bacterial skin infection (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus). (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Skin & autoimmune 4

Lupus (malar rash) (clinical figure) — A butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose that spares the nasolabial folds — systemic lupus erythematosus. (≈ 1.7 m)
Psoriasis (clinical figure) — Well-defined red plaques with silvery scale on elbows, knees and lower back. (≈ 1.7 m)
Atopic eczema (clinical figure) — Dry, red, itchy patches in the skin creases — elbows, knees and neck. (≈ 1.7 m)
Vitiligo (clinical figure) — Patches of lost pigment around the eyes, mouth, hands and knees — autoimmune loss of melanocytes. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Cancer 2

Melanoma (clinical figure) — An asymmetric, irregular, multicoloured mole on the back among normal moles (ABCDE rule). (≈ 1.7 m)
Kaposi sarcoma (clinical figure) — Purple plaques and nodules on the legs — HHV-8, classically with HIV/AIDS. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Endocrine & metabolic 5

Obesity (clinical figure) — Central obesity with acanthosis nigricans on the neck — a sign of insulin resistance. (≈ 1.7 m)
Cushing's syndrome (clinical figure) — Moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, thin limbs and purple striae — excess cortisol. (≈ 1.7 m)
Goitre (clinical figure) — An enlarged thyroid swelling at the front of the neck — iodine deficiency or thyroid disease. (≈ 1.7 m)
Graves' disease (clinical figure) — Bulging eyes (exophthalmos) and a diffuse goitre — autoimmune hyperthyroidism. (≈ 1.7 m)
Acromegaly (clinical figure) — Large hands and feet, prominent jaw, brow and nose — excess growth hormone from a pituitary tumour. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Musculoskeletal 5

Gout (clinical figure) — A red, hot, swollen big-toe joint (podagra) — urate crystal arthritis. (≈ 1.7 m)
Rheumatoid arthritis (clinical figure) — Symmetrical swelling of the wrists and knuckles (MCP joints). (≈ 1.7 m)
Scoliosis (clinical figure) — A sideways curve of the spine — uneven shoulders and a shifted trunk. (≈ 1.7 m)
Kyphosis (clinical figure) — A hunched upper back with a forward head — osteoporotic fractures or posture. (≈ 1.7 m)
Below-knee amputation (clinical figure) — A healed left below-knee amputation stump — trauma, diabetes or vascular disease. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Vascular & lymphatic 4

Peripheral oedema (clinical figure) — Swollen ankles and feet — heart failure, kidney or liver disease. (≈ 1.7 m)
Varicose veins (clinical figure) — Twisted, bulging superficial veins of the calves from failed valves. (≈ 1.7 m)
Lymphadenopathy (clinical figure) — Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and groin — infection, lymphoma or other cancers. (≈ 1.7 m)
Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) (clinical figure) — Massive swelling and skin thickening of one leg from blocked lymphatics — Wuchereria bancrofti worms spread by mosquitoes. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Gastrointestinal 2

Ascites (liver cirrhosis) (clinical figure) — A swollen, fluid-filled abdomen with an everted navel, dilated veins (caput medusae) and wasted limbs. (≈ 1.7 m)
Inguinal hernia (clinical figure) — A bulge in the right groin where abdominal contents push through the inguinal canal. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Normal 1

Pregnancy (third trimester) (clinical figure) — A pregnant figure with the linea nigra. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Nutrition 4

Marasmus (severe wasting) (clinical figure) — Severe acute malnutrition: visible ribs, wasted muscles and loose skin. (≈ 1.7 m)
Kwashiorkor (clinical figure) — Protein malnutrition: swollen belly and feet (oedema), thin limbs, "flaky paint" skin and reddish hair. (≈ 1.7 m)
Rickets (clinical figure) — Bowed legs from soft bones — vitamin D deficiency in childhood. (≈ 1.7 m)
Cachexia (clinical figure) — Severe weight and muscle loss with visible ribs — cancer, HIV, heart failure. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Children 1

Hydrocephalus (clinical figure) — An enlarged head from excess cerebrospinal fluid in an infant or child. (≈ 1.7 m)

Clinical figures · Wounds & ulcers 3

Burns (forearm) (clinical figure) — A right forearm burn: red partial-thickness skin with blisters around a white, leathery full-thickness centre. (≈ 1.7 m)
Diabetic foot ulcer (clinical figure) — A punched-out ulcer with callus rim on the right forefoot — diabetic neuropathy. (≈ 1.7 m)
Pressure ulcer (sacral) (clinical figure) — A bedsore over the sacrum, with slough — from prolonged pressure in immobile patients. (≈ 1.7 m)

People through life 23

Person (any age and situation) — A person of any age from newborn to 85+, female or male, in any of 16 situations — standing, walking, sitting, in a wheelchair, on crutches, with a frame or cane, in a hospital bed, on an IV drip, in a sling or collar, on oxygen. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Newborn baby — A newborn in a vest and nappy lying on a soft blanket. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Newborn in an incubator — A newborn in a neonatal incubator with hand ports. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Toddler (2 years) — A two-year-old standing in a T-shirt and shorts. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Child (5 years) — A five-year-old with child proportions — a large head and short legs. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Teenager (14 years) — A teenager in a T-shirt and jeans. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Young adult (25 years) — A young adult, standing. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Adult (40 years) — An adult in everyday clothes. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Older adult (70 years) — An older adult with grey hair and a slightly rounded back. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Very old person (85+ years) — A very old person, stooped and thin, with white hair. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Pregnancy — first trimester — A woman at 12 weeks: the uterus is only just rising out of the pelvis. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Pregnancy — second trimester — A woman at 24 weeks with a visible bump. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Pregnancy — third trimester — A woman at 36 weeks with a full-term bump; switch on "Show the baby inside" to see the fetus. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person in a wheelchair — An adult sitting in a manual wheelchair. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person on crutches with a broken leg — An adult with the right lower leg in a fibreglass cast, walking on two crutches. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Older adult with a walking frame — An older adult using a walking frame. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Older adult with a cane — An older adult walking with a cane. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Patient in a hospital bed — A patient in a hospital gown lying in a hospital bed under a blanket. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Patient in bed on an IV drip — A patient in bed with an IV line running from a saline bag to a cannula in the arm. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Patient walking with an IV drip — A patient in a gown holding an IV stand, with the line to a cannula in the left arm. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person with an arm in a sling — An adult with a forearm cast in a sling. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person in a neck collar — An adult wearing a cervical collar after a neck injury. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Patient on oxygen in a wheelchair — A very old patient in a wheelchair breathing oxygen through a nasal cannula from a cylinder. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)

People with neurological conditions 6

Person with Parkinson's disease — An older adult with the stooped, flexed posture of Parkinson's disease: rounded back, bent knees and elbows, head forward. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person after a stroke (hemiplegia) — An adult walking with a cane after a right-hemisphere stroke: the left arm held flexed against the chest and the left leg stiff. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Child with cerebral palsy — A child with spastic diplegia: crouched with bent hips and knees, and flexed arms. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person with motor neurone disease (ALS) — An adult with ALS in a wheelchair: wasted muscles and a dropped head. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Person with multiple sclerosis using a cane — An adult with multiple sclerosis walking with a cane. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)
Older person with dementia — A very old person sitting in a chair. Built on the real human body (BodyParts3D) with the proportions of that age. (real size)

Model organisms 8

Hydra — A freshwater cnidarian: a body column with a mouth ringed by stinging tentacles, a basal disc and an asexual bud — famous for regeneration. (≈ 1 cm)
Planarian flatworm — Schmidtea, the regeneration champion: eyespots, auricles, a three-branched gut and an extendable pharynx. (≈ 1–2 cm)
Zebrafish embryo — A transparent zebrafish embryo in its chorion, from the sphere and shield stages to the somite-stage embryo curled round its yolk. (≈ 1 mm)
Zebrafish larva — A 5-day zebrafish larva — see-through, with eyes, swim bladder, notochord, fin fold and melanophore stripes. (≈ 4 mm)
Fruit fly (Drosophila) — Drosophila melanogaster: compound eyes, bristled thorax, banded abdomen, two wings and halteres, six legs. (≈ 3 mm)
Drosophila embryo — Fruit-fly embryogenesis: syncytial blastoderm with pole cells, cellular blastoderm, gastrulation (ventral furrow) and the segmented germ band. (≈ 0.5 mm)
Frog tadpole (Xenopus) — A Xenopus tadpole with coiled gut, eyes and tail fin; later stages grow hind limbs on the way to metamorphosis. (≈ 1–5 cm)
Laboratory mouse — Mus musculus, the main mammalian model organism, shown as an albino or black (C57BL/6) mouse. (≈ 8–10 cm (+ tail))

Animals · Mammals · Carnivores 14

Dog — The domestic dog — a lab and veterinary model and the best-studied companion animal. (≈ 0.5–0.8 m tall)
Grey wolf — The wild ancestor of the dog, living in packs. (≈ 0.8 m tall)
Red fox — A small wild canid — a rabies reservoir in many countries. (≈ 0.4 m tall)
Cat — The domestic cat, with whiskers and a long tail. (≈ 0.25 m tall)
Lion — The maned big cat of the savanna. (≈ 1.2 m tall)
Tiger — The largest cat, with black stripes. (≈ 1 m tall)
Leopard — A spotted big cat. (≈ 0.7 m tall)
Brown bear — A heavy omnivore with a shoulder hump. (≈ 1.2 m tall)
Polar bear — The Arctic bear. (≈ 1.3 m tall)
Otter — A sleek semi-aquatic mustelid. (≈ 1 m)
Raccoon — A masked omnivore — a rabies reservoir in North America. (≈ 0.7 m)
Spotted hyena — A spotted scavenger with sloping back. (≈ 0.8 m tall)
Cheetah — The fastest land animal. (≈ 0.8 m tall)
Giant panda — A black-and-white bamboo-eating bear. (≈ 1.5 m)

Animals · Mammals · Hoofed 17

Cow (cattle) — Dairy cattle with udder and horns — central to veterinary and One-Health medicine. (≈ 1.4 m tall)
Horse — A long-legged grazer with mane and tail. (≈ 1.6 m tall)
Zebra — A striped wild horse of Africa. (≈ 1.4 m tall)
Pig — The domestic pig — a major biomedical model (heart valves, xenotransplantation). (≈ 0.8 m tall)
Sheep — A woolly ruminant — Dolly was the first cloned mammal. (≈ 0.8 m tall)
Goat — A browsing ruminant with backward-curving horns. (≈ 0.8 m tall)
Deer — A red deer stag with antlers. (≈ 1.2 m tall)
Giraffe — The tallest animal, with a very long neck and patchwork coat. (≈ 5 m tall)
Camel — A dromedary — MERS coronavirus spills over from camels. (≈ 2 m tall)
African elephant — The largest land animal, with trunk, tusks and big ears. (≈ 3.3 m tall)
Rhinoceros — A heavy grazer with two nasal horns. (≈ 1.6 m tall)
Hippopotamus — A semi-aquatic giant with a huge mouth. (≈ 1.5 m tall)
Donkey — A hardy domestic equid with long ears. (≈ 1.2 m tall)
Bison — A heavy wild bovine with a shoulder hump. (≈ 1.8 m tall)
Llama / alpaca — A South American camelid — source of nanobodies. (≈ 1.8 m)
Moose — The largest deer, with palmate antlers. (≈ 2 m tall)
Wild boar — A bristly wild pig — reservoir of African swine fever. (≈ 0.9 m tall)

Animals · Mammals · Small 9

Rabbit — A lab rabbit — used for antibodies and as a model of atherosclerosis. (≈ 0.25 m tall)
Laboratory rat — Rattus norvegicus, a key model in physiology, toxicology and behaviour. (≈ 0.25 m (+ tail))
Guinea pig — A rodent model for infectious disease and vitamin C research. (≈ 0.2 m)
Hedgehog — A small insectivore covered in spines. (≈ 0.2 m)
Bat — A fruit bat — reservoir of many viruses (Nipah, Hendra, coronaviruses). (≈ 0.3 m wingspan)
Hamster — A golden hamster — a model for respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. (≈ 15 cm)
Squirrel — A tree squirrel with a bushy tail. (≈ 25 cm)
Beaver — A dam-building rodent with a flat tail. (≈ 1 m)
Vampire bat — A blood-feeding bat that transmits rabies to livestock. (≈ 9 cm)

Animals · Mammals · Primates 3

Rhesus macaque — The rhesus monkey, a primate model for vaccines and neuroscience. (≈ 0.5 m)
Chimpanzee — Our closest living relative, knuckle-walking. (≈ 1.2 m)
Gorilla — The largest primate. (≈ 1.6 m)

Animals · Mammals · Marine 5

Bottlenose dolphin — A marine mammal with horizontal flukes and a blowhole. (≈ 3 m)
Humpback whale — A baleen whale with long pectoral fins. (≈ 14 m)
Harbour seal — A spotted seal with flippers. (≈ 1.6 m)
Orca — The killer whale. (≈ 7 m)
Manatee — A gentle aquatic herbivore with a paddle tail. (≈ 3 m)

Animals · Birds 23

Chicken — The domestic chicken — the egg-based model for embryology and vaccine production. (≈ 0.4 m)
Pigeon — A rock dove. (≈ 0.3 m)
Bald eagle — A raptor with a hooked beak and spread wings. (≈ 2 m wingspan)
Barn owl — A nocturnal raptor with a heart-shaped facial disc. (≈ 0.35 m)
Emperor penguin — An upright, flightless diving bird. (≈ 1.1 m)
Macaw (parrot) — A bright parrot with a strong hooked beak. (≈ 0.8 m)
Mallard duck — A dabbling duck — a reservoir of avian influenza. (≈ 0.6 m)
Flamingo — A pink wader with long legs and an S-shaped neck. (≈ 1.2 m)
Hummingbird — A tiny hovering nectar feeder with a needle beak. (≈ 9 cm)
Ostrich — The largest bird, flightless with long legs. (≈ 2.5 m)
Peacock — A peafowl displaying its train of eyespot feathers. (≈ 2 m with train)
Crow — A clever black corvid — sentinel species for West Nile virus. (≈ 0.45 m)
Sparrow — A small seed-eating songbird. (≈ 15 cm)
Robin — A songbird with an orange breast. (≈ 14 cm)
Mute swan — A large white waterbird with a long neck. (≈ 1.5 m)
Goose — A domestic goose. (≈ 0.9 m)
Turkey — A large domestic fowl with a fanned tail. (≈ 1 m)
Vulture — A bald-headed scavenger. (≈ 2.5 m wingspan)
Grey heron — A wading bird with a dagger bill. (≈ 1 m)
Woodpecker — A tree-drilling bird with a red crown. (≈ 25 cm)
Toucan — A tropical bird with a huge colourful bill. (≈ 60 cm)
Pelican — A large waterbird with a throat pouch. (≈ 1.6 m)
Kiwi — A flightless, nocturnal bird of New Zealand. (≈ 40 cm)

Animals · Fish 16

Atlantic salmon — A migratory fish — farmed salmon suffer sea lice and other diseases. (≈ 0.8 m)
Bluefin tuna — A fast ocean predator with a crescent tail. (≈ 2 m)
Goldfish — An ornamental carp. (≈ 0.15 m)
Clownfish — An orange reef fish with white bands. (≈ 10 cm)
Great white shark — A cartilaginous apex predator with five gill slits. (≈ 5 m)
Angelfish — A tall, laterally compressed cichlid. (≈ 15 cm)
Pufferfish — Inflated, spiny and full of tetrodotoxin. (≈ 0.3 m)
Eel — A long, snake-like fish. (≈ 1 m)
Catfish — A bottom-dweller with whisker-like barbels. (≈ 0.5 m)
Zebrafish (adult) — Adult Danio rerio — a key vertebrate model for development and disease. (≈ 4 cm)
Rainbow trout — A spotted salmonid used in aquaculture and toxicology. (≈ 50 cm)
Atlantic cod — A cold-water food fish with a chin barbel. (≈ 1 m)
Piranha — A deep-bodied predatory fish with sharp teeth. (≈ 30 cm)
Swordfish — A fast predator with a long flat bill. (≈ 3 m)
Common carp — A freshwater cyprinid — koi are its ornamental form. (≈ 60 cm)
Medaka (Japanese rice fish) — A small fish model for genetics and toxicology. (≈ 3 cm)

Animals · Reptiles & amphibians 13

Lizard (green iguana) — A sprawling lizard with a long tail and spiny crest. (≈ 1.5 m)
Crocodile — An armoured reptile with a long snout and bony scutes. (≈ 4 m)
Snake (python) — A coiled python with patterned scales and a forked tongue. (≈ 3 m)
King cobra — A venomous elapid snake. (≈ 4 m)
Tortoise — A land tortoise with a domed shell. (≈ 0.5 m)
Green sea turtle — A marine turtle with flippers — often affected by fibropapillomatosis tumours. (≈ 1.2 m)
Frog — A frog — amphibians are being devastated by chytrid fungus. (≈ 8 cm)
Axolotl — A salamander that keeps its gills and regenerates limbs — a regeneration model. (≈ 25 cm)
Chameleon — A colour-changing lizard with a curled tail and turret eyes. (≈ 40 cm)
Gecko — A climbing lizard with adhesive toe pads — inspiration for dry adhesives. (≈ 20 cm)
Komodo dragon — The largest lizard. (≈ 3 m)
Alligator — A broad-snouted crocodilian. (≈ 3.5 m)
Fire salamander — A yellow-and-black salamander — hit by the chytrid Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. (≈ 20 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Insects 22

Honeybee — Apis mellifera — pollinator and model of colony health, threatened by varroa mites and the viruses they carry. (≈ 13 mm)
Wasp — A social wasp with a narrow waist. (≈ 15 mm)
Ant — A worker ant with elbowed antennae and strong mandibles. (≈ 5 mm)
Monarch butterfly — A migratory butterfly with orange wings and black veins. (≈ 10 cm wingspan)
Silk moth — Bombyx mori, the silkworm moth. (≈ 4 cm)
Stag beetle — A large beetle with antler-like mandibles and hard wing cases. (≈ 6 cm)
Ladybird — A spotted ladybird beetle. (≈ 7 mm)
Mosquito (Aedes) — Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, Zika and yellow fever, with a piercing proboscis. (≈ 5 mm)
Malaria mosquito (Anopheles) — Anopheles, the vector of Plasmodium — rests with its body tilted. (≈ 6 mm)
Housefly — Musca domestica, a mechanical carrier of pathogens. (≈ 7 mm)
Dragonfly — A predatory insect with four long wings and huge eyes. (≈ 7 cm)
Grasshopper — A jumping insect with powerful hind legs. (≈ 5 cm)
Cockroach — A flattened, fast-running insect — an allergen source. (≈ 3 cm)
Head louse — Pediculus humanus capitis — a wingless parasite clinging to hair with claws. (≈ 3 mm)
Flea — A jumping, flattened blood-feeder — vector of plague (Yersinia pestis). (≈ 2.5 mm)
Bed bug — Cimex lectularius, a flattened blood-feeding bug. (≈ 5 mm)
Tsetse fly — Glossina, vector of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness. (≈ 1 cm)
Sand fly — Phlebotomus, the hairy vector of Leishmania. (≈ 3 mm)
Kissing bug (triatomine) — Triatoma, vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease). (≈ 2.5 cm)
Aphid — A sap-sucking crop pest that spreads plant viruses. (≈ 2 mm)
Termite — A pale social insect that digests wood with gut microbes. (≈ 6 mm)
Cicada — A singing insect with clear, veined wings. (≈ 4 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Arachnids 5

Garden spider — An orb-weaving spider: two body parts, eight legs, fangs and spinnerets. (≈ 1.5 cm)
Tarantula — A large hairy spider. (≈ 15 cm leg span)
Scorpion — An arachnid with pincers and a venomous stinger curled over its back. (≈ 8 cm)
Tick (Ixodes) — A deer tick, vector of Lyme disease — unfed or engorged after a blood meal. (≈ 3 mm (unfed))
House dust mite — Dermatophagoides, a microscopic arachnid and a major allergen source in asthma. (≈ 0.3 mm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Crustaceans 3

Crab — A shore crab with a broad carapace, claws and stalked eyes. (≈ 8 cm)
Lobster — A lobster with big claws, long antennae and a tail fan. (≈ 30 cm)
Shrimp — A translucent shrimp with long antennae and swimming legs. (≈ 5 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Myriapods 2

Centipede — A predatory myriapod with one pair of legs per segment and venom claws. (≈ 10 cm)
Millipede — A slow detritivore with two pairs of short legs per segment. (≈ 10 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Molluscs 5

Garden snail — A land snail with a coiled shell — host of parasitic flukes (Leucochloridium swells its tentacles). (≈ 3 cm)
Slug — A shell-less land mollusc. (≈ 8 cm)
Octopus — A cephalopod with eight sucker-lined arms and a large brain. (≈ 0.5 m)
Squid — A streamlined cephalopod with fins, eight arms and two tentacles — source of the giant axon. (≈ 0.3 m)
Clam / oyster — A bivalve with two hinged shell valves — open to show the soft body (and an optional pearl). (≈ 8 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Cnidarians 3

Moon jellyfish — A medusa with a translucent bell, gonads, oral arms and stinging tentacles. (≈ 25 cm)
Sea anemone — A polyp with a crown of stinging tentacles — home of the clownfish. (≈ 8 cm)
Coral — Reef-building coral (branching or brain) — healthy, bleached, or with black-band disease. (≈ 0.5 m colony)

Animals · Invertebrates · Echinoderms 2

Sea star — A five-armed sea star — sea-star wasting disease causes lesions and lost arms. (≈ 20 cm)
Sea urchin — A spiny echinoderm — its eggs are a classic model of fertilisation. (≈ 8 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Worms 2

Earthworm — A segmented annelid with a clitellum. (≈ 15 cm)
Medicinal leech — Hirudo medicinalis, with suckers at both ends — still used after microsurgery. (≈ 10 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Parasitic worms 4

Tapeworm (Taenia) — A cestode: scolex with hooks and suckers, then a chain of proglottids. (up to several metres)
Roundworm (Ascaris) — Ascaris lumbricoides, the large human intestinal nematode. (≈ 25 cm)
Liver fluke (Fasciola) — A leaf-shaped trematode with oral and ventral suckers and a branched gut. (≈ 3 cm)
Schistosoma (paired worms) — Schistosomes live as pairs: the female held in the male's gynaecophoric canal. (≈ 1–2 cm)

Animals · Invertebrates · Sponges 1

Sea sponge — A vase sponge with inflow pores and a central osculum — the simplest animals. (≈ 30 cm)

Animals · Mammals · Marsupials 2

Koala — A marsupial threatened by Chlamydia infection. (≈ 0.7 m)
Kangaroo — A hopping marsupial with a thick tail. (≈ 1.5 m)