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Cells: 206 3D models

Animal, plant, blood, nerve, muscle, immune and germ cells (real sizes 1–100 µm). Each one is a ready-made 3D model you can turn, recolour and place in a figure — open BioDioRama and type its name in the Library search.

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Classic cells · Bacteria · Blood cells · Nerve cells · Muscle cells · Germ cells · Tissue cells · Fungi · Epithelial cells · Endocrine & secretory cells · Stem & progenitor cells · Germ & reproductive cells · Muscle & connective cells · Blood & marrow cells · Immune cells (subsets) · Nerve & sensory cells · Cell lines (lab) · Cells of other organisms

Classic cells 2

Animal cell — The textbook eukaryotic cell, cut open: nucleus, rough and smooth ER, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, vesicles and ribosomes. Every organelle count is adjustable. (≈ 10–30 µm)
Plant cell — A boxy plant cell cut open: cellulose wall, big central vacuole, chloroplasts lining the walls, nucleus pushed to the side. (≈ 10–100 µm)

Bacteria 11

Bacterium — A rod-shaped bacterium cut open: cell wall and membrane, tangled nucleoid DNA, plasmids, ribosomes, flagella and pili. No nucleus! (≈ 1–5 µm)
Cocci (round bacteria) / Staphylococcus (cluster) — Round bacteria and the shapes they form: pairs, chains (strepto-), grape clusters (staphylo-), packets. The same structure also stands for Staphylococcus (cluster). (≈ 1 µm each)
Spiral bacteria — Corkscrew-shaped bacteria: stiff spirilla with tufts of flagella, or flexible spirochetes (like the Lyme disease or syphilis bacteria). (≈ 5–20 µm)
Vibrio (comma-shaped bacterium) — A curved, comma-shaped bacterium such as Vibrio cholerae. (≈ 1–5 µm)
Bacterium with peritrichous flagella — A rod-shaped bacterium with flagella all over, like E. coli or Salmonella. (≈ 1–5 µm)
Bacterium with a flagellar tuft — A rod with a tuft of flagella at one end (lophotrichous). (≈ 1–5 µm)
Diplococcus — Pairs of round bacteria, like Neisseria and pneumococcus. (≈ 1 µm each)
Streptococcus (chain) — Round bacteria growing in chains. (≈ 1 µm each)
Tetrad cocci — Cocci in groups of four. (≈ 1 µm each)
Sarcina (packet of 8) — Cocci dividing in three planes into cubes of eight. (≈ 1 µm each)
Spirochete — A flexible corkscrew bacterium (Treponema, Borrelia). (≈ 5–20 µm)

Blood cells 30

Red blood cell — The biconcave disc that carries oxygen — no nucleus, packed with hemoglobin. Also shows sickle-cell and other shapes. (≈ 7–8 µm wide)
Red blood cells (group) — A cloud of red blood cells at random angles — drop it into vessels and blood scenes. (≈ 7–8 µm each)
White blood cell (granulocyte) / Neutrophil — Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils: immune cells with lobed nuclei and granules full of weapons. The same structure also stands for Neutrophil. (≈ 10–15 µm)
Lymphocyte (T / B cell) / T cell — A small immune cell with a big nucleus and a fuzzy coat of microvilli; T cells carry T-cell receptors, B cells carry antibodies. The same structure also stands for T. (≈ 7–10 µm)
Macrophage — A big, hungry immune cell reaching out with pseudopods to swallow bacteria and debris. (≈ 20–80 µm)
Platelet — A small cell fragment that plugs leaks: smooth disc at rest, spiky when activated during clotting. (≈ 2–3 µm)
Dendritic cell — An antigen-presenting immune cell with long, veil-like arms that sample its surroundings. (≈ 15 µm)
Kupffer cell — The liver's resident macrophage, lining the sinusoids and clearing nanoparticles from blood. (≈ 15 µm)
Langerhans cell — A dendritic cell of the skin that captures antigens (and microneedle-delivered vaccines). (≈ 15 µm)
Monocyte — A large white cell with a kidney-shaped nucleus that becomes a macrophage in tissue. (≈ 15–20 µm)
Plasma cell — An antibody factory: an off-centre "clock-face" nucleus and cytoplasm full of rough ER. (≈ 10–20 µm)
Natural killer cell — A lymphocyte with cytotoxic granules that kills virus-infected and tumour cells. (≈ 10 µm)
Mast cell — A tissue cell packed with histamine granules that drive allergic reactions. (≈ 10–20 µm)
Megakaryocyte — A giant bone-marrow cell with a lobulated nucleus that sheds platelets. (≈ 50–100 µm)
CAR-T cell — A patient T cell engineered with chimeric antigen receptors to recognise a tumour antigen. (≈ 10 µm)
M1 macrophage / M2 macrophage — A pro-inflammatory, tumour-fighting macrophage. The same structure also stands for M2 macrophage. (≈ 20 µm)
Neutrophil releasing a NET — A neutrophil casting a web of DNA and granule proteins to trap microbes (NETosis). (≈ 12 µm)
Hematopoietic stem cell — The bone-marrow stem cell that makes all blood cells. (≈ 8 µm)
Helper T cell (CD4⁺) — A CD4⁺ T cell that coordinates immune responses by releasing cytokines. (≈ 7 µm)
Cytotoxic T cell (CD8⁺) — A CD8⁺ killer T cell carrying cytotoxic granules. (≈ 7 µm)
Regulatory T cell (Treg) — A suppressive CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺ T cell that keeps immune responses in check. (≈ 7 µm)
Memory B cell — A long-lived B cell displaying high-affinity antibodies, ready for a faster second response. (≈ 8 µm)
Activated neutrophil — A neutrophil spreading pseudopods and degranulating at a site of infection. (≈ 12 µm)
Sickle red blood cell — A crescent-shaped red cell from sickle-cell disease: mutant haemoglobin S polymerises and deforms the cell. (≈ 7–8 µm wide)
Spherocyte — A small, round red cell without central pallor (hereditary spherocytosis). (≈ 7–8 µm wide)
Echinocyte (burr cell) — A spiky red cell, e.g. in stored blood or kidney disease. (≈ 7–8 µm wide)
Red cells in rouleaux — Red cells stacked like coins — seen with high plasma proteins. (≈ 7–8 µm wide)
Eosinophil — A white cell with a two-lobed nucleus and red-staining granules; fights parasites and drives allergy. (≈ 10–15 µm)
Basophil — A rare white cell packed with dark histamine granules. (≈ 10–15 µm)
B cell — A B lymphocyte displaying antibodies (B-cell receptors) on its surface. (≈ 7–10 µm)

Nerve cells 16

Neuron — A nerve cell: dendrites collect signals, the cell body integrates them and the myelinated axon carries them to the terminals. (body ≈ 10–100 µm, axon up to 1 m)
Glial cell — Support cells of the nervous system: star-shaped astrocytes and finely branched microglia. (≈ 10–50 µm)
Rod & cone cell — Light-sensing cells of the retina: stacks of membrane discs in the outer segment catch photons. (≈ 2 µm wide)
Schwann cell (myelinating) — A Schwann cell wrapping an axon in layers of myelin. (≈ 100 µm long)
Oligodendrocyte — A CNS glial cell that myelinates several axons with its processes. (≈ 10 µm body)
Ependymal cell — A ciliated cell lining the brain ventricles.
Inner-ear hair cell — A sensory cell topped by a staircase of stereocilia that bend with sound. (≈ 30 µm)
Olfactory receptor neuron — A smell-sensing neuron with cilia carrying odorant receptors.
Activated microglia — Microglia that have retracted their processes and turned amoeboid in response to injury. (≈ 10 µm)
Reactive astrocyte / Oligodendrocyte precursor cell — A swollen astrocyte with thick processes after brain injury. The same structure also stands for Oligodendrocyte precursor. (≈ 20 µm)
Pyramidal neuron — The main excitatory neuron of the cortex and hippocampus, with an apical dendrite. (body ≈ 10–100 µm, axon up to 1 m)
Purkinje cell — A cerebellar neuron with a huge, fan-like dendritic tree. (body ≈ 10–100 µm, axon up to 1 m)
Bipolar neuron — A neuron with one dendrite and one axon, as in the retina. (body ≈ 10–100 µm, axon up to 1 m)
Sensory neuron (pseudo-unipolar) — A dorsal-root-ganglion sensory neuron with a single process that splits in two. (body ≈ 10–100 µm, axon up to 1 m)
Microglia — The brain's resident immune cells, with fine, branching processes. (≈ 10–50 µm)
Cone cell — A colour-sensing photoreceptor of the retina. (≈ 2 µm wide)

Muscle cells 5

Skeletal muscle fibre — A long, striped muscle cell with nuclei at its edge and bundles of myofibrils showing at the cut end. (≈ 10–100 µm wide, cm long)
Smooth muscle cell — A spindle-shaped muscle cell with one central nucleus, found in gut and blood-vessel walls. (≈ 20–200 µm long)
Heart muscle cell — A branched, striped cardiomyocyte joined to its neighbours by intercalated discs. (≈ 100 µm long)
Muscle satellite cell — A quiescent muscle stem cell sitting on a muscle fibre.
iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte — A heart-muscle cell grown from stem cells, used in drug-safety testing. (≈ 30 µm)

Germ cells 3

Sperm cell — Head with DNA and an enzyme cap (acrosome), a midpiece packed with mitochondria, and a long swimming tail. (≈ 55 µm long)
Egg cell (oocyte) — The largest human cell, wrapped in the zona pellucida and a crown of follicle cells (corona radiata). (≈ 120 µm)
Zygote (fertilised egg) — The one-cell embryo with male and female pronuclei, inside the zona pellucida with polar bodies. (≈ 100 µm)

Tissue cells 38

Epithelial cell — A lining cell — tall (columnar), cube-like (cuboidal) or flat (squamous) — with microvilli and junctions. (≈ 10–30 µm)
Stem cell — An unspecialised round cell with a large nucleus, able to become many cell types. (≈ 10 µm)
Cancer cell — An irregular, blebbing cell with an oversized, misshapen nucleus and several nucleoli. (≈ 10–20 µm)
Fat cell (adipocyte) — Almost all lipid droplet: the cytoplasm and nucleus are squeezed into a thin rim. (≈ 50–150 µm)
Bone cell (osteocyte) — A bone cell living in a tiny cavity, reaching its neighbours through dozens of thin processes. (≈ 10–20 µm)
Hepatocyte (liver cell) — A polygonal liver cell, often with two nuclei, packed with mitochondria, ER and glycogen. (≈ 25 µm)
Podocyte — A kidney cell whose interdigitating foot processes form the filtration slits of the glomerulus. (≈ 10 µm)
Proximal tubule cell — A kidney epithelial cell with a dense microvillus brush border and many mitochondria for reabsorption. (≈ 15 µm)
Enterocyte — An absorptive intestinal cell with a microvillus brush border on top. (≈ 25 µm tall)
Goblet cell — A cup-shaped cell whose top is filled with mucin granules, secreted as mucus. (≈ 25 µm)
Paneth cell — An intestinal crypt cell releasing antimicrobial granules.
Alveolar type I cell — An extremely thin cell lining the air sacs, where gas exchange happens. (≈ 0.1–0.2 µm thin)
Alveolar type II cell — A cuboidal lung cell storing surfactant in lamellar bodies. (≈ 10 µm)
Ciliated airway cell — A columnar cell with beating cilia that sweep mucus out of the airways. (≈ 20 µm)
Pancreatic β-cell — An islet cell packed with insulin granules, released when blood glucose rises. (≈ 10 µm)
Pancreatic acinar cell — A secretory cell with a basal rough ER and apical zymogen (digestive-enzyme) granules. (≈ 15 µm)
Osteoblast — A bone-forming cell rich in rough ER for making collagen. (≈ 20 µm)
Osteoclast — A giant, multinucleated bone-resorbing cell with a ruffled border facing the bone. (≈ 50–100 µm)
Chondrocyte — A cartilage cell sitting in a lacuna surrounded by matrix. (≈ 10–30 µm)
Fibroblast — A spindle-shaped connective-tissue cell that makes collagen and ECM. (≈ 30–100 µm)
Mesenchymal stem cell — A spindle-shaped multipotent stromal cell that can become bone, cartilage or fat. (≈ 20–40 µm)
Endothelial cell — A flat cell lining blood vessels. (≈ 30 × 10 µm)
Pericyte — A cell wrapping capillaries with long processes.
Brown fat cell — A heat-producing fat cell with many small lipid droplets and lots of mitochondria. (≈ 30 µm)
Keratinocyte — The main skin cell, polygonal and full of keratin. (≈ 15 µm)
Melanocyte — A pigment cell that passes melanin granules to keratinocytes through its dendrites. (≈ 20 µm)
Embryonic stem cell — A pluripotent cell with a large nucleus and little cytoplasm. (≈ 10 µm)
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) — A reprogrammed adult cell that behaves like an embryonic stem cell. (≈ 10 µm)
Cancer stem cell — A drug-resistant tumour cell able to regrow the tumour.
Circulating tumour cell with platelets — A tumour cell in the blood, cloaked by platelets that shield it from immune attack. (≈ 15 µm)
Senescent cell — An enlarged, flattened cell that has stopped dividing and secretes inflammatory factors.
Thyroid follicular cell — A cuboidal cell making thyroid hormone, with microvilli facing the colloid.
Necrotic cell — A swollen cell with a ruptured membrane and leaking contents.
M cell (microfold cell) — A gut epithelial cell that transports antigens and oral vaccines to immune cells beneath it. (≈ 15 µm)
Intestinal stem cell (Lgr5⁺) — A crypt-base stem cell that builds organoids in culture. (≈ 10 µm)
Apoptotic cell — A shrunken cell with a condensed nucleus and membrane blebs.
Cuboidal epithelial cell — A cube-shaped lining cell (kidney tubules, glands). (≈ 10–30 µm)
Squamous epithelial cell — A flat lining cell (skin surface, alveoli, vessels). (≈ 10–30 µm)

Fungi 1

Yeast cell — A budding yeast (like baker's yeast): a new daughter cell grows from the mother, leaving bud scars. (≈ 5 µm)

Epithelial cells 11

Intercalated cell (kidney) — A collecting-duct cell rich in mitochondria and proton pumps that acidifies the urine. (≈ 10 µm)
Principal cell (kidney) — A pale collecting-duct cell that reabsorbs water and sodium under ADH and aldosterone. (≈ 10 µm)
Parietal (oxyntic) cell — A large stomach cell packed with mitochondria that secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. (≈ 25 µm)
Chief cell (stomach) — A gastric-gland cell with apical zymogen granules of pepsinogen. (≈ 20 µm)
Surface mucous cell (stomach) — A stomach-lining cell whose top is full of protective neutral mucus. (≈ 25 µm)
Tuft cell — A chemosensory gut cell with a tuft of long microvilli that senses parasites. (≈ 20 µm)
Club (Clara) cell — A dome-topped bronchiolar cell that secretes protective proteins and detoxifies inhaled chemicals. (≈ 15 µm)
Cholangiocyte — A bile-duct epithelial cell with a primary cilium that modifies bile. (≈ 10 µm)
Umbrella cell (urothelium) — A large, often binucleate bladder-lining cell with a tough uroplakin plaque surface. (≈ 50–100 µm)
Mammary luminal cell — A milk-secreting breast epithelial cell releasing fat droplets and proteins. (≈ 15 µm)
Sebocyte — A sebaceous-gland cell that fills with lipid until it bursts to release sebum. (≈ 25 µm)

Endocrine & secretory cells 9

Enteroendocrine cell — A gut cell releasing hormones (serotonin, GLP-1, CCK) from basal granules. (≈ 20 µm)
Parafollicular C cell / Merkel cell — A pale thyroid cell between follicles that secretes calcitonin. The same structure also stands for Merkel. (≈ 15 µm)
Pancreatic α-cell — An islet cell storing glucagon in dense granules, released when blood glucose falls. (≈ 10 µm)
Pancreatic δ-cell — An islet cell releasing somatostatin that damps insulin and glucagon secretion. (≈ 10 µm)
Chromaffin cell — An adrenal-medulla cell that stores adrenaline and noradrenaline in dense-core granules. (≈ 20 µm)
Adrenal cortex cell (fasciculata) — A pale, foamy cortisol-making cell full of lipid droplets and smooth ER. (≈ 20 µm)
Leydig cell — A testosterone-producing testicular cell with lipid droplets and abundant smooth ER. (≈ 20 µm)
Pituitary corticotroph — An anterior-pituitary cell secreting ACTH from basophilic granules. (≈ 15 µm)
Pituitary somatotroph — The most common anterior-pituitary cell, secreting growth hormone. (≈ 15 µm)

Stem & progenitor cells 6

Airway basal cell — A small stem cell resting on the airway basement membrane that renews the epithelium. (≈ 8 µm)
Radial glia / Tenocyte / NIH/3T3 fibroblast — A neural stem cell that both makes neurons and guides their migration in the developing brain. The same structure also stands for Tenocyte, NIH/3T3 fibroblast. (≈ 100 µm)
Neural stem cell — A self-renewing cell that gives rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (≈ 10 µm)
Common lymphoid progenitor — A marrow progenitor that makes T, B and NK cells. (≈ 8 µm)
Endothelial progenitor cell — A circulating cell that can join and repair blood-vessel linings. (≈ 10 µm)
Epidermal stem cell — A basal-layer skin stem cell that renews the epidermis every few weeks. (≈ 10 µm)

Germ & reproductive cells 7

Sertoli cell — A tall "nurse" cell that supports developing sperm and forms the blood–testis barrier. (≈ 50 µm tall)
Granulosa cell — An ovarian follicle cell that turns androgens into oestrogen and nurtures the oocyte. (≈ 10 µm)
Spermatogonium — A germline stem cell on the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule. (≈ 12 µm)
Primary oocyte (in follicle) — An oocyte arrested in meiosis, surrounded by its zona pellucida and granulosa cells. (≈ 100 µm)
Blastomere (2-cell embryo) — One of the cells of an early cleaving embryo. (≈ 50 µm)
Trophoblast cell — An outer embryo cell that invades the uterus and builds the placenta. (≈ 20 µm)
Syncytiotrophoblast — The multinucleated, microvillus-covered layer of the placenta that exchanges nutrients and makes hCG. (≈ 100 µm)

Muscle & connective cells 8

Myoepithelial cell / Retinal ganglion cell — A contractile, star-shaped cell around glands that squeezes out secretions. The same structure also stands for Retinal ganglion. (≈ 20 µm)
Myofibroblast — A contractile fibroblast with stress fibres that closes wounds and drives fibrosis. (≈ 60 µm)
Odontoblast — A tall tooth cell lining the pulp that lays down dentine through a long process. (≈ 40 µm)
Beige adipocyte — A heat-producing fat cell with many small droplets and mitochondria that appears in white fat after cold. (≈ 40 µm)
Hepatic stellate cell — A vitamin-A-storing liver cell that becomes fibrogenic in cirrhosis. (≈ 20 µm)
Interstitial cell of Cajal — The pacemaker cell of the gut that sets the rhythm of peristalsis. (≈ 20 µm)
Sinoatrial pacemaker cell — A small, pale heart cell in the SA node that fires spontaneously and sets the heartbeat. (≈ 10 µm)
Purkinje fibre (heart) — A large, glycogen-rich conducting cell that spreads the impulse through the ventricles. (≈ 50 µm)

Blood & marrow cells 7

Classical monocyte — The commonest blood monocyte (CD14⁺⁺), with a kidney-shaped nucleus. (≈ 15 µm)
Lymphoblast — A large activated lymphocyte with a big pale nucleus and prominent nucleolus. (≈ 15 µm)
Myeloblast — The earliest granulocyte precursor in the marrow — large nucleus, few granules. (≈ 15 µm)
Erythroblast (normoblast) — A nucleated red-cell precursor filling with haemoglobin before it ejects its nucleus. (≈ 10 µm)
Reticulocyte — A young red cell still holding ribosomal RNA strands. (≈ 8 µm)
Band neutrophil — An immature neutrophil with a curved, unsegmented nucleus. (≈ 12 µm)
Osteoclast precursor / THP-1 monocyte — A monocyte-lineage cell that fuses with others to become a bone-resorbing osteoclast. The same structure also stands for THP-1 monocyte. (≈ 12 µm)

Immune cells (subsets) 16

Th1 cell / Th2 cell / Th17 cell — A helper T cell making interferon-γ to activate macrophages against intracellular pathogens. The same structure also stands for Th2, Th17. (≈ 8 µm)
T follicular helper cell — A CXCR5⁺ helper T cell that helps B cells form germinal centres. (≈ 8 µm)
Memory T cell — A long-lived T cell that responds fast on re-infection. (≈ 8 µm)
γδ T cell — A T cell with a γδ receptor that guards skin and gut epithelia. (≈ 8 µm)
NKT cell — A T cell that recognises lipids on CD1d and quickly releases cytokines. (≈ 10 µm)
Naive B cell — A resting B cell carrying IgM and IgD receptors. (≈ 7 µm)
Germinal-centre B cell — A rapidly dividing B cell refining its antibody by somatic hypermutation. (≈ 12 µm)
Innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) / Common myeloid progenitor — A lymphocyte without antigen receptors that releases type-2 cytokines in tissues. The same structure also stands for Common myeloid progenitor. (≈ 8 µm)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell — A round dendritic cell that floods the body with type-I interferon during viral infection. (≈ 12 µm)
Follicular dendritic cell — A stromal cell in lymph follicles that holds intact antigen on its long processes for B cells. (≈ 20 µm)
Alveolar macrophage — A large macrophage patrolling the air sacs and eating dust and microbes. (≈ 20 µm)
Foam cell — A macrophage stuffed with cholesterol droplets — the hallmark of atherosclerosis. (≈ 25 µm)
Langhans giant cell — Fused macrophages with nuclei in a horseshoe — seen in tuberculosis granulomas. (≈ 50 µm)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell — An immature myeloid cell that suppresses T cells inside tumours. (≈ 12 µm)
Tumour-associated macrophage — A macrophage polarised by the tumour to support growth and blood-vessel formation. (≈ 20 µm)
CAR-NK cell — A natural killer cell engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor. (≈ 10 µm)

Nerve & sensory cells 7

Motor neuron — A large spinal-cord neuron whose axon drives skeletal muscle. (≈ 50 µm soma)
Dopaminergic neuron — A substantia-nigra neuron with dark neuromelanin granules; lost in Parkinson's disease. (≈ 30 µm)
Interneuron (basket cell) — A GABA-releasing local neuron that fine-tunes cortical circuits. (≈ 20 µm)
Cerebellar granule neuron — The most numerous neuron in the brain — tiny, with a few short dendrites. (≈ 6 µm)
Taste receptor cell — An elongated taste-bud cell with microvilli at the taste pore. (≈ 50 µm long)
Müller glia — A long glial cell spanning the whole retina, supporting photoreceptors and neurons. (≈ 200 µm long)
Satellite glial cell — A flat glial cell wrapping sensory neurons in ganglia. (≈ 15 µm)

Cell lines (lab) 20

HeLa cell — The first immortal human cell line (cervical cancer, 1951) — flat, spread and dividing endlessly. (≈ 30–40 µm spread)
HEK293 cell / 4T1 breast cancer cell — Human embryonic kidney cells — the workhorse for transfection, protein and viral-vector production. The same structure also stands for 4T1 breast cancer. (≈ 15 µm)
CHO cell — Chinese hamster ovary cells — the main factory for therapeutic antibodies. (≈ 15 µm)
MCF-7 breast cancer cell — Oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cells growing in tight epithelial islands. (≈ 20 µm)
MDA-MB-231 cell — Highly invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells with a spindle shape. (≈ 30 µm)
A549 lung cancer cell — Lung adenocarcinoma cells with type-II-like lamellar bodies — a standard for nanoparticle uptake studies. (≈ 15 µm)
HepG2 cell — Liver cancer cells used for drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity testing. (≈ 15 µm)
Caco-2 cell — Colon cancer cells that form a polarised, microvillus-covered monolayer — the model for oral drug absorption. (≈ 20 µm)
RAW 264.7 macrophage — Mouse macrophage line for testing nanoparticle uptake and inflammation. (≈ 15 µm)
Jurkat T cell — Human T-cell leukaemia line used to study T-cell receptor signalling and CAR constructs. (≈ 12 µm)
L929 fibroblast — Mouse fibroblast line named in ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity testing of medical devices. (≈ 40 µm)
HUVEC — Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells — the model for angiogenesis and vascular biomaterials. (≈ 50 µm spread)
MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast — Mouse pre-osteoblasts used to test bone scaffolds and osteogenesis. (≈ 20 µm)
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell — Human neuroblastoma cells that grow neurites — a model for neurodegeneration. (≈ 15 µm)
PC12 cell — Rat pheochromocytoma cells that sprout neurites in response to nerve growth factor. (≈ 15 µm)
U-87 MG glioblastoma cell — Human glioblastoma line used in brain-tumour and blood–brain-barrier delivery studies. (≈ 30 µm)
CT26 colon carcinoma cell / Vero cell — Mouse colon cancer line — the standard syngeneic tumour for cancer immunotherapy and nanomedicine. The same structure also stands for Vero. (≈ 15 µm)
B16-F10 melanoma cell — Mouse melanoma line with melanin granules, used for metastasis and immunotherapy models. (≈ 20 µm)
iPSC colony cell — A tightly packed pluripotent stem cell with a large nucleus and little cytoplasm. (≈ 10 µm)
Sf9 insect cell — Fall armyworm ovary cells that produce proteins and AAV with the baculovirus system. (≈ 15 µm)

Cells of other organisms 9

Guard cell (plant) — One of the paired kidney-shaped cells that open and close a stoma. (≈ 40 µm)
Mesophyll cell (plant) — A palisade leaf cell crowded with chloroplasts for photosynthesis. (≈ 50 µm)
Root hair cell — An epidermal root cell with a long hair that soaks up water and minerals. (≈ 1 mm with hair)
Pollen vegetative cell — The cell that grows the pollen tube carrying sperm cells to the ovule. (≈ 30 µm)
Budding yeast (S. cerevisiae) — A baker's yeast cell with a growing bud — a model eukaryote. (≈ 5 µm)
Choanocyte (sponge collar cell) — A sponge cell with a flagellum ringed by a microvillus collar — kin of the ancestors of animals. (≈ 10 µm)
Cnidocyte (jellyfish stinging cell) — A stinging cell with a coiled harpoon (nematocyst) that fires on touch. (≈ 10 µm)
Insect haemocyte — An insect blood cell that engulfs microbes and encapsulates parasites. (≈ 10 µm)
Nucleated red cell (bird / fish) — An oval red blood cell that keeps its nucleus, as in birds, fish and amphibians. (≈ 12 µm)