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Plants & Fungi: 68 3D models

Leaves, flowers, pollen, stomata, roots, trees, mushrooms (real sizes µm–m). Each one is a ready-made 3D model you can turn, recolour and place in a figure — open BioDioRama and type its name in the Library search.

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Leaves 3

Leaf — A leaf blade with its midrib and branching veins on a short stalk (petiole). (≈ 5–10 cm)
Leaf cross-section — Inside a leaf: epidermis, tall palisade cells packed with chloroplasts, loose spongy cells, a vein of xylem and phloem, and a stoma. (≈ 0.2 mm thick)
Stoma (guard cells) — Two bean-shaped guard cells that open and close a pore to let gases in and out of the leaf. (≈ 20–50 µm)

Flowers & seeds 6

Flower anatomy — A complete flower: petals, sepals, stamens (filament + anther) and the pistil (stigma, style, ovary). (≈ 5 cm)
Pollen grain — A pollen grain with its tough outer wall — spiky (like sunflower) or net-patterned — and germination pores. (≈ 10–100 µm)
Bean seed (dicot) — A kidney bean opened: seed coat, two fleshy cotyledons that store food, and the embryo axis with radicle and plumule. (≈ 1–1.5 cm)
Maize kernel (monocot) — A corn grain cut lengthwise: pericarp, aleurone layer, horny and floury endosperm, the scutellum and the embryo with coleoptile and radicle. (≈ 1 cm)
Ovule & double fertilisation — Inside an ovule: integuments, nucellus and the 7-celled embryo sac. A pollen tube delivers two sperm — one fertilises the egg (zygote), the other the polar nuclei (endosperm). (ovule ≈ 0.5 mm)
Germinating seedling — Germination of a bean: the radicle emerges, the hypocotyl hook pushes through the soil, then the cotyledons open and the first leaves unfold. (≈ 1–10 cm)

Roots & stems 10

Root tip — A growing root with its protective cap and a fuzz of root hairs that absorb water. (≈ 1 mm)
Dicot stem cross-section — A young sunflower-type stem: epidermis, collenchyma, cortex, a ring of vascular bundles (xylem inside, phloem outside, cambium between, fibre caps) and a pith. (stem ≈ 2–5 mm)
Monocot stem cross-section — A maize-type stem with vascular bundles scattered through the ground tissue; each "skull-face" bundle has two large vessels, protoxylem, an air space and a sclerenchyma sheath. (stem ≈ 1–2 cm)
Dicot root cross-section — Root hairs, a wide starchy cortex, the endodermis with its Casparian strip, pericycle, and a star of xylem with phloem between the arms. (root ≈ 1 mm)
Monocot root cross-section — A many-armed (polyarch) root: a ring of alternating xylem and phloem around a central pith, inside the endodermis. (root ≈ 1–2 mm)
Woody stem with growth rings — Secondary growth: pith, annual rings of pale spring wood and dark summer wood, wood rays, the vascular cambium and bark. (trunk ≈ cm–m)
Xylem vessel & tracheid — Water-conducting dead cells with lignin thickenings: ring, spiral, ladder-like and pitted vessel elements, or tapering tracheids with bordered pits. (≈ 20–500 µm wide)
Phloem sieve tube & companion cells — Living sugar-conducting cells joined by perforated sieve plates, each with a companion cell connected by plasmodesmata; sucrose flows through. (≈ 10–50 µm wide)
Plant tissue types — Simple plant tissues side by side: thin-walled parenchyma, chlorenchyma, collenchyma with thickened corners, lignified sclerenchyma and air-filled aerenchyma. (cells ≈ 20–100 µm)
Legume root nodules — Pink nodules on a legume root, where Rhizobium bacteroids fix nitrogen; one is cut open. (nodules ≈ 2–5 mm)

Whole plants 4

Tree — A broadleaf tree with branching limbs and real leaves, through the seasons — for ecology and carbon-cycle diagrams. (metres)
Arabidopsis thaliana — The model plant: a rosette of leaves and a flowering stem with small white flowers and seed pods (siliques). (≈ 20–30 cm)
Moss — A moss cushion: leafy green gametophytes topped by brown sporophytes — a stalk (seta) and a spore capsule. (≈ 1–5 cm)
Fern — A fern with pinnate fronds bearing brown sori (spore clusters), a coiled fiddlehead and a creeping rhizome. (≈ 30–100 cm)

Fungi 2

Mushroom — A mushroom: cap with gills underneath, stem and ring, growing from underground mycelium. (≈ 10 cm)
Fly agaric — The red-and-white-spotted Amanita muscaria. (≈ 10 cm)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Crops 9

Tomato plant — A fruiting tomato with compound leaves, yellow flowers and ripe fruit — late blight and mosaic virus are classic diseases. (≈ 1.5 m)
Potato plant — A potato with tubers below ground — the host of late blight (Phytophthora), cause of the Irish famine. (≈ 0.6 m)
Bean plant — A common bean with trifoliate leaves and pods. (≈ 0.5 m)
Pea plant — Mendel's pea, with tendrils, white flowers and pods. (≈ 1 m)
Sunflower — A tall sunflower with a composite head of spiralling florets. (≈ 2 m)
Tobacco plant — Nicotiana — the plant of tobacco mosaic virus and a host for making biopharmaceuticals. (≈ 1.5 m)
Cotton plant — Gossypium with palmate leaves and open bolls of fibre. (≈ 1.2 m)
Strawberry plant — A rosette of trifoliate leaves with white flowers and red fruit. (≈ 20 cm)
Banana plant — A banana with huge leaves, a bunch of fruit and the male flower bud — Panama disease and black sigatoka threaten it. (≈ 4 m)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Ornamentals 4

Rose — A thorny rose with layered petals — often hit by black spot and powdery mildew. (≈ 1 m)
Tulip — A spring bulb with a cup-shaped flower — tulip breaking virus streaks its petals. (≈ 40 cm)
Orchid — A Phalaenopsis orchid with fleshy leaves and a flower spike. (≈ 50 cm)
Lavender — An aromatic shrub with spikes of purple flowers. (≈ 60 cm)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Herbs 2

Basil — A herb with opposite leaves — prone to downy mildew. (≈ 40 cm)
Mint — A square-stemmed herb with opposite, toothed leaves — and the source of menthol. (≈ 50 cm)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Medicinal 3

Foxglove — Digitalis — source of digoxin for heart failure. (≈ 1.5 m)
Opium poppy — Papaver somniferum — source of morphine and codeine. (≈ 1 m)
Madagascar periwinkle — Catharanthus roseus — source of the anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine. (≈ 50 cm)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Succulents 2

Aloe vera — A succulent rosette of thick, toothed leaves. (≈ 60 cm)
Saguaro cactus — A columnar cactus with ribs, spines (modified leaves) and flowers. (≈ 10 m)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Carnivorous 3

Venus flytrap — Snap traps lined with trigger hairs and teeth. (≈ 10 cm)
Pitcher plant — Pitfall traps holding digestive fluid. (≈ 30 cm)
Sundew — Leaves covered in glistening, sticky tentacles. (≈ 5 cm)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Aquatic 1

Water lily — Floating leaf pads and a many-petalled flower on a pond. (≈ 1 m across)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Cereals 4

Wheat — Wheat tillers with awned ears — stem rust and ergot are major threats. (≈ 1 m)
Barley — Barley with long awns. (≈ 0.9 m)
Rice — Rice with drooping panicles of grain — rice blast is its most important disease. (≈ 1 m)
Maize (corn) — A maize plant with tassel, cob, husk and silk — corn smut makes black galls. (≈ 2.5 m)

Plant kingdom · Flowering plants · Grasses 1

Bamboo — Jointed woody culms of a giant grass. (≈ 10 m)

Plant kingdom · Trees 10

Oak tree — A broadleaf oak — oak wilt and sudden oak death attack it. (≈ 25 m)
Apple tree — A fruiting apple tree — fire blight and apple scab are common diseases. (≈ 5 m)
Pine tree — A conifer with whorled branches and needle foliage. (≈ 25 m)
Cypress — A columnar conifer. (≈ 20 m)
Coconut palm — A palm with a ringed trunk, pinnate fronds and coconuts. (≈ 20 m)
Weeping willow — A willow with hanging branches — the original source of salicylic acid (aspirin). (≈ 15 m)
Ginkgo — A living fossil with fan-shaped leaves. (≈ 20 m)
Pacific yew — Taxus brevifolia — its bark gave the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol). (≈ 10 m)
Cinchona tree — The source of quinine, the first effective antimalarial. (≈ 10 m)
Baobab — A massive water-storing trunk with a sparse crown. (≈ 20 m)

Plant kingdom · Gymnosperms & ferns 2

Cycad — An ancient seed plant with a crown of stiff pinnate fronds and a central cone. (≈ 2 m)
Horsetail — Equisetum, with jointed stems, whorled branches and spore cones. (≈ 0.5 m)

Plant kingdom · Mosses & liverworts 1

Liverwort — Marchantia: a flat thallus with gemma cups and umbrella-like reproductive stalks. (≈ 5 cm)

Plant kingdom · Algae 1

Kelp (seaweed) — A brown alga with holdfast, stipe, gas bladders and blades — source of alginate. (≈ 30 m)