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Bonding · VSEPR molecular shapes: 16 3D models

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Linear (AX₂) — Linear molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₂: bond angle 180°. Examples: CO₂, BeCl₂, HCN. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.
Trigonal planar (AX₃) — Trigonal planar molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₃: bond angle 120°. Examples: BF₃, SO₃, CO₃²⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.
Bent (from trigonal planar) (AX₂E) — Bent (from trigonal planar) molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₂E: bond angle < 120° (≈ 119°). Examples: SO₂, O₃, NO₂⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Tetrahedral (AX₄) — Tetrahedral molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₄: bond angle 109.5°. Examples: CH₄, NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.
Trigonal pyramidal (AX₃E) — Trigonal pyramidal molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₃E: bond angle ≈ 107°. Examples: NH₃, PCl₃, H₃O⁺. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Bent (from tetrahedral) (AX₂E₂) — Bent (from tetrahedral) molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₂E₂: bond angle ≈ 104.5°. Examples: H₂O, H₂S, OF₂. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Trigonal bipyramidal (AX₅) — Trigonal bipyramidal molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₅: bond angle 90°, 120°. Examples: PCl₅, AsF₅. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.
Seesaw (AX₄E) — Seesaw molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₄E: bond angle < 90°, < 120°. Examples: SF₄, TeCl₄. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
T-shaped (AX₃E₂) — T-shaped molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₃E₂: bond angle < 90°. Examples: ClF₃, BrF₃. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Linear (three lone pairs) (AX₂E₃) — Linear (three lone pairs) molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₂E₃: bond angle 180°. Examples: XeF₂, I₃⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Octahedral (AX₆) — Octahedral molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₆: bond angle 90°. Examples: SF₆, [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.
Square pyramidal (AX₅E) — Square pyramidal molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₅E: bond angle < 90°. Examples: BrF₅, IF₅. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Square planar (AX₄E₂) — Square planar molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₄E₂: bond angle 90°. Examples: XeF₄, [PtCl₄]²⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Pentagonal bipyramidal (AX₇) — Pentagonal bipyramidal molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₇: bond angle 72°, 90°. Examples: IF₇. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.
Pentagonal planar (AX₅E₂) — Pentagonal planar molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₅E₂: bond angle 72°. Examples: XeF₅⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms, yellow = lone pairs.
Square antiprismatic (AX₈) — Square antiprismatic molecular shape, VSEPR type AX₈: bond angle ≈ 70–78°. Examples: XeF₈²⁻, [TaF₈]³⁻. Purple = central atom, green = bonded atoms.