BioLibrary › Chemistry › Natural forms · Liquids
Natural forms · Liquids: 14 3D models
Every element as an atom, orbitals and bonding, crystals, ions and complexes, real compounds from every field of chemistry, substances in their natural form, electrochemistry and lab experiments (real sizes atoms → lab bench). Each one is a ready-made 3D model you can turn, recolour and place in a figure — open BioDioRama and type its name in the Library search.
- Concentrated nitric acid — Turns yellow on standing as it decomposes to NO₂; kept in brown bottles. (HNO₃) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) — Pale yellow-green hypochlorite solution. (NaOCl (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Hydrogen peroxide solution — Kept in brown bottles because light decomposes it to water and oxygen. (H₂O₂ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Copper(II) sulfate solution — The clear blue of hydrated copper(II) ions. (CuSO₄ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Potassium permanganate solution — Deep purple permanganate — it decolourises as it oxidises (a self-indicating titrant). (KMnO₄ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Iron(III) chloride solution — Orange-brown iron(III) solution. (FeCl₃ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Nickel(II) chloride solution — Green hydrated nickel(II) ions. (NiCl₂ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Cobalt(II) chloride solution — Pink hexaaquacobalt(II) ions (blue with concentrated HCl). (CoCl₂ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Potassium dichromate solution — Orange dichromate that turns green when it oxidises alcohols. (K₂Cr₂O₇ (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Iodine solution (Lugol’s) — Brown iodine in potassium iodide — the starch test. (I₂/KI (aq)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Fehling’s solution — Deep blue copper(II) tartrate that gives a brick-red Cu₂O precipitate with reducing sugars. (Cu²⁺ tartrate) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Liquid nitrogen — Boils at −196 °C; the fog is condensed water vapour from the air. (N₂ (l)) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Crude oil — Thick, dark petroleum — separated into fuels by fractional distillation. (mixed hydrocarbons) (≈ 5–20 cm (a lab sample))
- Colourless reagent bottles (water, acids, solvents) — Clear, colourless liquids in labelled bottles: distilled water, concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, ethanol, acetone, glycerol, ammonia solution and limewater. Show one of them with “Show”. (≈ 5–20 cm each)