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Gene editing: 13 3D models
DNA, RNA, nucleic-acid drugs, gene editing, proteins and 300+ real PDB structures (real sizes 1–100 nm). Each one is a ready-made 3D model you can turn, recolour and place in a figure — open BioDiorama and type its name in the Library search.
- Cas9 RNP on target DNA — Cas9 and its guide RNA unzip DNA next to a PAM; the guide pairs with the target strand forming an R-loop.
- Cas9 making a double-strand break — Both nuclease domains cut, leaving a blunt double-strand break that the cell repairs by NHEJ or HDR.
- Base editor — A Cas9 nickase fused to a deaminase rewrites single letters (C→T or A→G) without cutting both strands.
- Prime editor — Cas9 nickase plus reverse transcriptase copies an edit from the pegRNA extension straight into the genome.
- Cas12a (Cpf1) with crRNA — A single-lobed CRISPR nuclease with a shorter guide that leaves staggered cuts.
- Cas13 cutting RNA — An RNA-targeting CRISPR enzyme used for knockdown and diagnostics (SHERLOCK).
- Cas13 collateral cleavage (SHERLOCK) — Once activated by its target, Cas13 shreds nearby reporter RNAs, releasing a fluorescent signal.
- CRISPR activation (dCas9-VPR) — Catalytically dead Cas9 carrying activator domains switches genes on.
- CRISPR interference (dCas9-KRAB) — Dead Cas9 with a KRAB repressor silences genes without cutting.
- TALEN pair — Two TALE DNA-binding arrays bring FokI nuclease halves together to cut between them.
- Zinc-finger nuclease pair — Zinc-finger arrays position FokI halves to cut a chosen site.
- ABE8e base editor deaminating an adenine in the R-loop — Adenine base editor ABE8e: an evolved TadA-8e deaminase fused to Cas9 nickase grabs the displaced non-target strand of the R-loop and turns an adenine into inosine, read as G, so an A•T pair becomes G•C without a double-strand break. Cryo-EM structure 6VPC with the substrate analogue 8-azanebularine in the deaminase pocket. (≈ 15 nm)
- Prime editor writing the edit from its pegRNA — Prime editing: Cas9 nickase nicks the non-target strand, the freed 3′ end anneals to the primer-binding site of the pegRNA’s 3′ extension and the fused MMLV reverse transcriptase copies the edit-carrying template into a new DNA flap. Cryo-EM structure 8WUV, caught 16 nucleotides into reverse transcription. (≈ 17 nm)